How the Western Diet is Increasing Cancer Risk in Young Adults

The Western Diet is linked to a particular type of cancer in young adults across the United States.

Colorectal cancer, traditionally seen in older adults, is increasingly being diagnosed in younger individuals. This alarming trend has prompted scientists to investigate potential causes, with a significant focus on dietary habits, particularly the Western diet, which is high in fat and low in fibre.

And it turns out, there is a reason for that to be happening. Find out what you can do to mitigate that in the paragraphs below, as first published in the New York Post.

What is The Western Diet?

The Western diet, also known as the “Standard American Diet,” is characterized by high consumption of processed foods, red meats, sugary desserts, high-fat foods, and refined grains. This diet is commonly associated with several adverse health outcomes due to its nutrient profile.

Here are the key components of the Western diet:

• High in Processed Foods and Refined Sugars

Processed foods are a staple of the Western diet, including items like packaged snacks, ready-to-eat meals, and sugary beverages. These foods often contain high levels of added sugars, unhealthy fats, and sodium, contributing to various health issues, including obesity and metabolic disorders.

• High-Fat Content

The Western diet is rich in unhealthy fats, particularly saturated and trans fats found in fast food, fried foods, and baked goods. These fats are linked to increased cholesterol levels and a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases.

• Low in Fiber

A notable deficiency in the Western diet is dietary fibre, which is essential for healthy digestion. Fibre is found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and seeds. The lack of fibre can lead to digestive issues and has been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer.

• High in Red and Processed Meats

Red meats (like beef, pork, and lamb) and processed meats (such as bacon, sausages, and deli meats) are consumed frequently in the Western diet. These meats are often high in saturated fats and have been linked to a higher risk of cancer, particularly colorectal cancer.

• Low in Fruits and Vegetables

Fruits and vegetables are often underrepresented in the Western diet. These foods are vital sources of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and fibre, all of which are crucial for maintaining good health and preventing chronic diseases.

• High in Dairy

While dairy products can be a good source of calcium and protein, the Western diet tends to include high-fat versions like whole milk, cheese, and butter, contributing to high saturated fat intake.

• High in Salt

Salt is abundant in many processed and fast foods, leading to excessive sodium intake. High sodium consumption is associated with hypertension and an increased risk of heart disease.

• Low in Nutrient-Dense Foods

Overall, the Western diet is low in nutrient-dense foods, which provide essential nutrients without excessive calories. Instead, it favours calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods that contribute to weight gain and various health problems.

In summary, the Western diet is a dietary pattern that prioritizes convenience and taste over nutritional value, leading to significant health risks.

Related: What Happens to Your Body When You Eat the Average American Diet

What is Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the colon (large intestine) or rectum, which are parts of the digestive system. It typically starts as small, benign clumps of cells called polyps that form on the inner lining of the colon or rectum; over time, some of these polyps can become cancerous.

Symptoms of colorectal cancer may include changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, abdominal discomfort, fatigue, and unexplained weight loss. Risk factors for developing colorectal cancer include age, a diet high in red and processed meats, a low-fiber diet, family history of the disease, certain genetic syndromes, and lifestyle factors such as smoking and heavy alcohol use.

Early detection through screening is crucial, as it significantly improves the chances of successful treatment and survival.

The Role of Diet in Colorectal Cancer

Researchers at Ohio State University have highlighted the impact of the Western diet on gut health. This diet can disrupt the delicate balance of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to inflammation. Chronic inflammation can accelerate cellular aging and increase vulnerability to cancer. The findings, presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology’s annual meeting, indicate that individuals with early-onset colorectal cancer are, on average, biologically 15 years older than their chronological age. In contrast, those with late-onset colorectal cancer show minimal differences between biological and chronological ages.

Biological age reflects the condition of cells, tissues, and organs, influenced by genetics, environmental exposures, and lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and sleep. Chronological age is simply the number of years a person has been alive. The research points to a particular bacterium, Fusobacterium, commonly found in the mouth, as a potential contributor to colorectal cancer when it invades the gut.

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Microbial Influence on Cancer

The connection between gut bacteria and colorectal cancer is not new. Susan Bullman, a researcher studying microbes and cancer, emphasizes the potential for manipulating microbes to prevent disease progression. The alarming rise in colorectal cancer among young adults has been noted globally. In 2019, 20% of new colorectal cancer cases were in individuals under 55, up from 11% in 1995, according to the American Cancer Society.

Fibre: A Protective Nutrient

A high intake of dietary fibre has been associated with a reduced risk of several cancers, including colorectal cancer, according to the findings of their research. Fibre supports the growth of healthy gut bacteria, which play a crucial role in maintaining gut health and preventing inflammation. Fruits such as oranges and apples, whole grains, nuts, and seeds are excellent sources of fibre that can lower cancer risk. Despite these benefits, most people do not consume enough fibre. The recommended daily intake is 25 grams for women and 38 grams for men, yet many fall short of these targets.

The rising incidence of colorectal cancer in young adults is a concerning trend, potentially linked to dietary habits characteristic of the Western diet. Ohio State University researchers have provided evidence that diet-induced changes in gut microbiota and inflammation may accelerate biological ageing and increase cancer risk. Emphasizing dietary changes, particularly increasing fibre intake, could be a vital strategy in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer. As research continues, the role of diet in cancer prevention remains a critical area of focus, highlighting the importance of healthy eating habits in long-term health.

Read Also: I Tried Getting Lean by Eating Only Fast Food, Here’s What Happened